Learning Art Essays - Drawing, Figure Drawing,

Learning Art I am taking a shot at the structure of the human life structures. Our instructor needs us to feel the structure through signals and get the extents right. We have simply got done with taking a shot at the Human skull, have worked with the entire figure, and now we are proceeding onward towards the hands and feet. The fine detail, obviously, can not be caught precisely with no guarantees, yet the goal of our task is to make the figure show up as human like as could be expected under the circumstances. I have a strategy that has made me improve my work. I draw as though I have never observed what I am attracting and I need to present the work I do before a sovereign or somebody of a high position. It likewise serves to get complete assurance before you start your task to figure you will do well. Be shellfish and loose to a point where you are comfortable yet still alarm for your work. Your drawings ought to have a guesture that is practically equal to the development of your subject that you are drawing. I discovered the most effortless materials to work with are the most basic. Rather than newsprint paper, which is more delicate, and harder to work with, I use sketch paper. The sketch paper is more tough. I utilize a pencil rather than charcoal. The pencil gives you the bit of leeway to get an all the more fine point too to make your lines lighter if important. It is additionally simpler to delete. In class, we as a rule either have a model to draw, or work with one another's figure. I feel it is smarter to work with our colleagues as opposed to the model since we have gotten use to every others appearance's which makes it simpler to draw. For our schoolwork this week, we are doled out to draw the foot three or multiple times on a similar piece of paper, life size. I feel that my class and myself has a simpler time doing the hands and feet than the human skull supposing that you marginally are off base on your drawing it doesn't make the drawing unrecognizable. With the face, you can be off in the smallest of ways and everything else will be tossed messed up. It is a well concentrated task. Before I came to Montserrat I had no understanding at all in drawing, so when I began in on this, it was a genuine test. I felt that I have had the option to keep up and have learned more speedier than I figured I would. I adjusted quick to what she was instructing to our group, and I must state I am glad for myself for that. The main experience I have had was workmanship class in middle school, and, after its all said and done it wasn't drawing the human figure, it was progressively like artwork and earthenware production. The past summer, my granddad who is an craftsman, brushed me up on some work that he realized I would do that has too made a difference. I have still a long way to go, however I am persistent about it.

ASBH Clinical Ethics Consultation System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the ASBH Clinical Ethics Consultation System. Answer: Presentation: The paper manages the contextual analysis of Henry that includes the moral difficulty relating to two distinct jobs. The point of the paper is to set up clear viewpoint on the issues distinguished from the contextual investigation and perceive the own elective viewpoint. Further the paper examines the moral issues from the point of view of human poise that should be regarded, code of morals, proficient guidelines, moral hypothesis, and the standards of medicinal services morals. In conclusion, the article suggests the techniques for proficient practice. In the given contextual analysis, Henry is a physiotherapist for a long time and work alongside the orthopedic specialists, a podiatrist, a rheumatologist, a radiologist, and a back rub advisor. He has been treating the Jim, a multi year elderly person, following reciprocal knee substitutions. After Jim indicated little improvement in portability his better half grumbling to Henry that Jim isn't following the activity program at house. Henry chose to end the treatment of Jim and recommended to allude the message advisor. In any case, Sally the training supervisor sees this demonstration of Henry would prompt loss of associations notoriety. Then again, he educates Sally that one of the specialists shows up at the working environment in inebriated state. He comes smelling liquor in any event, during medical procedure. Sally is chipping away at this issue. In the given contextual investigation the moral issues in question are value of patients and perniciousness, penetrate of set of principles, human rights, proficient norms and clinical carelessness. From an elective viewpoint, it tends to be said that Henry has met other rules of moral system that is prioritization (Bryant et al., 2014). He considered other anticipating patients to be his main goal rather than Jim. This choice is as per moral structure yet keeps other moral issues in question. From the point of view of the Physiotherapist, ending the treatment of Jim by Henry can be known as a clinical carelessness. As indicated by Breen Weisbrot (2015), carelessness is the penetrate of the obligation of care, which may make harm the patients wellbeing. It might prompt cases against the physiotherapist. Ending the treatment of Jim may have antagonistic outcomes as Jim had not totally recouped. He needs more prominent consideration till his portability has expanded. Alluding to rub advisor at this stage may expand the pace of intricacy. Henry ought to have first led the evaluation of Jim to know the state of his knee and purpose behind patients reluctance to perform works out. Henry in the journey to go to other anticipating patients dismissed the consideration for Jim. It might exacerbate the Jims condition. It tends to be deciphered that the moral standard of helpfulness was no trailed by Henry. As per Butts Rich (2015), helpfulness is the activity that advances the prosp erity of the patients. Henry didn't serve to the greatest advantage of the patient. Henry likewise appears to penetrate the moral rule of non-wrathfulness in light of the fact that without assessing the need of back rub advisor, he ended the treatment. As indicated by Tarzian et al. (2015), non-perniciousness is the utilization of treatment that does no mischief the patient. The demonstration of specialist showing up at the working environment smelling liquor is the penetrate of the set of accepted rules for specialists in Australia created by the Medical board. The set of accepted rules and expert guidelines underscore on proficient conduct of specialists and specialists that exhibits trust and regard to the patients (Medicalboard.gov.au., 2017). Specialists must not cross their expert limits. In any case, going to the work in plastered state includes a high possibility of patient injury, for example, unjust removal, erroneous conclusion, awakening during sedation and others. Such wounds may prompt demise of patient as opposed to advancing the prosperity. It demonstrates the break of the obligation to deal with the patient. This damage could be avoidable as the treatment might be directed by the inebriated specialist nonsensically and that might be called for risk. It might prompt claims and loss of medical clinic notoriety by this sort of clinical care lessness. Along these lines, the moral standards of nursing like value, and non-evil are in question for this situation. Henry also penetrated the set of accepted rules of physiotherapists by not fusing the wellbeing and hazard the board of the patient. He denied the Jims access to physiotherapy that exhibits absence of duty to achieve ideal heath results (Physiotherapy.asn.au, 2017). From an elective point of view, it tends to be said that what Henry did was a result of prioritization. As per Nord Johansen (2014), need setting is a significant parts of the heath care setting. In the essential medicinal services, prioritization is vital as it have noteworthy ramifications for human services costs and the clinical results. Clinical expert organizes the patent consideration, contingent upon the seriousness of the wellbeing condition, cost viability and the patients benefits. In this regard it tends to be said that Henry may have seen Jims conviction to be less serious when contrasted with his other anticipating patients. He may have been in circumstance where he needed to adjust the patients requests, with the growing need of the preventive consideration of the incessant conditions. It is additionally the piece of the moral structure. With respect to this elective point of view it tends to be said that Henrys choice exhibits moral conduct (Grace, 2017). As per the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(1948), clinical experts are morally obliged to ensure the human rights and the poise considering their powerlessness (Yamin Norheim, 2014). If there should be an occurrence of Henry, educated assent ought to have been taken. It is the privilege of the patient, to think about the advantages and disadvantages of the decision of the treatment. Jims assent was not taken before alluding him to the back rub specialist. Then again, Henry regarded the privileges of different patients who give off an impression of being in genuine need of care when contrasted with Jim. Notwithstanding, Surgeon is affronting the network individuals and is acting against the expert uprightness. Committing errors in the patient consideration affected by liquor is the break of the set of accepted rules. It will make a culture of dread where the patients would fear looking for clinical assistance. Since quiet security is in question because of such patients, it tend s to be said to break the patients rights to sound and safe condition (Hall Bobinski, 2014). According to my future callings implicit rules, which is nursing, there are eight code of morals to be executed practically speaking. The most suitable one to talk about the moral issues indentified for the situation study incorporates the Nurses esteem regard and thoughtfulness for self as well as other people, educated dynamic, culture of security in nursing and medicinal services, and finally esteem a socially, monetarily and naturally reasonable condition advancing wellbeing and prosperity (www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2017). Performing medical procedures affected by the liquor inebriation isn't called esteeming the patients pride. Missteps in medical procedures may prompt patent demise. It isn't simply the demonstration of regard and generosity of self as well as other people. This demonstration of specialist doesn't likewise show making the way of life of wellbeing or biologically practical condition. Henry didn't settle on the educated choice by talking with Jim. He stopp ed the treatment basically dependent on Information given by Jims spouse that there is little improvement in portability. In spite of realizing that Jim had quit practicing for his knees, Henry didn't direct any hazard appraisal. It doesn't advance the prosperity of the patients according to the code of morals for medical attendants in Australia. In nursing calling, it is pivotal to perceive the ground-breaking commitment of human rights in improving the wellbeing results. Medical caretakers are obliged to perceive, and regard the human option to advance the prosperity of the patients to the most elevated feasible measures of the wellbeing (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2017). In this viewpoint it tends to be said that the Surgeon was disregarding his expert obligations and as working in a way that expands the weakness of the patients. As indicated by Utilitarian hypothesis, an activity is weighed by the best measure of good it brings. According to this hypothesis on the off chance that an activity prompts government assistance, wellbeing and satisfaction, at that point it tends to be called a moral activity (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Considering the activity of the specialist for the situation study, performing obligation of care affected by liquor doesn't appear to create the best great. Rather, it holds unsafe outcomes. Additionally, Henrys choice to end the treatment, without assessing the patients knee condition doesn't appear to be a demonstration that produces most prominent great. Henry may have felt that alluding Jim to rub specialist may upgrade the portability issues. In that manner, Henry can think about different patients whose necessities are of most noteworthy need to him. It will advance prosperity of both Jim and other anticipating patients. Be that as it may, Henry ought to have very much evaluat ed the damages and results of his choice. Generally speaking, it tends to be said that the activity of the specialist makes the moral issues be in question more than the activities of Henry. There are different systems to defeat the moral issues in question. With regards to nursing code of calling principles in Australia, it is important to rehearse in protected and capable way. Social insurance choice ought to be taken as per the norms of calling. It is prescribed to make any move in human services subsequent to clarifying the patient about the substitute consideration and featuring its points of interest and disservices. It will assist the patients with making solid decisions (Parahoo, 2014). It is prescribed for the social insurance suppliers to contact the seniors and m

Top Tips for Writing a College Paper

Top Tips for Writing a College PaperCollege paper writing is really a tough job. It demands a lot of experience is one of the most important qualities of an ideal college paper writer.The writer must possess strong will and work ethics. The ability to communicate ideas in a coherent and reliable manner is another trait required for writing a successful college paper. The writer should be able to impart detailed information with clarity and accuracy.Knowledge about research methods of presentation is also essential for a student looking to write a college paper. Moreover, understanding the students' motivation towards a particular subject is also important. Understanding the students' passion for a subject is something that the writer can't do on his or her own. The writer must be able to tap into the students' knowledge, confidence and enthusiasm to make the best academic paper.A student aiming to write a college paper must always remember that the key to winning the attention of the readers lies in the writing. Although it is quite impossible to win over a newspaper editors by being eloquent, persuasive and witty, the writer should try to stay in the readers' minds and at the same time exude a sense of respect and encouragement. The words that are written have to be precise, clear and to the point. Every word should be used as if it were the last words spoken.Words such as need, need not, get up, get up and how, what is the situation, so, may be used and should be qualified. The writer should ensure that every single word he uses should come out right, right? Therefore, the right choice of words should be made.A good idea to come up with ideas for writing a college paper is to go through a few of the famous papers and take notes of what is said in each paper. When writing a college paper, a student should always include his or her personal opinion or point of view because it adds authenticity to the paper.Along with proper grammar and punctuation, students nee d to be able to formulate his or her ideas in a very systematic manner, taking care of the importance of each concept being brought out in the paper. The writer should know how to structure a paper so that the reader doesn't get lost in the complex mess of words.There are many publications which provide the aspiring writers with tips for writing a college paper. College publications also offer advice on selecting the type of college paper to be written and how to handle deadlines. These publications also show aspiring college writers how to find the right style of writing that they are looking for.

The Merced River Is The Southernmost Watercourse Of The...

METHODS Study sites The Merced River is the southernmost watercourse of the California Central Valley presently inhabited by Chinook salmon whose abundance has decreased by 75% since 1950 (Yoshiyama et al., 2000). From its headwaters located in Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada, the Merced River flows west to join the San Joaquà ­n River (river km 190) and drains a watershed approximately 3,297 km2 in size. Meanwhile, the elevation declines from 3,048 m to about 18.3 m. Only the first 82 river km are reachable by anadromous fish with access terminating at Crocker-Huffman Dam. We estimated the percent contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources for juvenile Chinook salmon across four longitudinally-positioned sites: Merced River†¦show more content†¦Restoration planning identified the rehabilitation of the floodplain functions that foster recruitment of riparian vegetation and the quality of riparian habitat. Fall-run Chinook salmon is an important management species in the Merced Ri ver, and numerous state and federal resource programs include increasing its abundance in their goals. The vision has been to enhance channel, floodplain and riparian ecosystem processes and critical habitats for juvenile and adult salmonids, in coordination with local communities and stakeholders, to promote the recovery of healthy and diverse Chinook salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations in the Merced River, while helping to meet the abundance goals of the Anadromous Fish Restoration Program. Robinson’s restoration reach is approximately 2.4 km long and is located 16 km downstream of Crocker-Huffman Dam. The project included a very complex suite of actions to restore Robinson’s reach which was degraded as a result of mining activities and recent flood impacts. Channel reconfiguration and the creation of a large floodplain with native vegetation increased the river channel’s ability to transport and deposit sediments under the river’s current flow regime; hence improving channel dynamics and salmon passage concerns. These actions within the channel produced improvements for salmon spawning and rearing through the creation of

Prevention and Control of Common Conifer Tree Diseases

Like any kind of tree, the conifer is susceptible to a number of diseases that can damage or destroy it. Sometimes, these diseases strike trees in the forest; other times, only urban or suburban trees are stricken. Dead and dying trees are unsightly but theyre also a potential safety hazard. In populated areas, rot can cause limbs to drop or entire trees to collapse, especially during storms. In forested areas, dead trees can dry out, creating fuel for potential forest fires.  By learning how to recognize different conifer diseases, you can improve the health of trees on your property and preserve the integrity of the local ecosystem. Types of Conifer Disease Softwood or coniferous trees can be harmed or killed by disease-causing organisms called pathogens. The most common tree diseases are caused by fungi, though some diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses. Fungi lack chlorophyll and derive nourishment by feeding on (parasitizing) trees. Many fungi are microscopic but some are visible in the form of mushrooms or conks. Other factors affecting tree disease include climate and where the tree or trees are planted. Not all parts of a tree may be affected or exhibit symptoms. Disease may strike the needles, stem, trunk, roots, or some combination thereof. In some instances, trees can be saved by applying pesticides, trimming the diseased portions, or removing neighboring trees to provide more room. In other cases, the only solution is to remove the tree entirely. Needle Cast Needle cast is a group of tree diseases that cause conifers to shed needles. The symptoms of needle cast tree disease first appear on needles as light green to yellow spots, which eventually turn red or brown. Tiny black fruiting bodies form on the surface of the needles before or after the infected needles are shed. If left untreated, fungal growth can kill the entire needle. Treatment options include applying fungicides, removing diseased needles at first sign of infection, and trimming neighboring greenery to prevent overcrowding. Needle Blight This group of needle blight tree diseases, including Diplodia, Dothistroma and brown spot, attack conifers at the needles and on twig tips. Infected needles often fall from the tree, creating a denuded look. Blight can result in dramatic browning of the foliage, beginning on the lower branches. Repeated annual cycles of infection can result in dead limbs and eventual loss of any meaningful ornamental value. The most effective treatment option is  copper fungicide spray, but you may have to spray repeatedly in order to break the life cycle of the fungi that causes blight. Canker, Rust, and Blister The term canker is used to describe a dead or blistered area in the bark, branch, trunk of an infected tree. Dozens of species of fungi cause canker diseases.   Cankers often appear as waxy discharge on the bark. Blisters or galls appear on branches and look like cysts or tumors on the surface of the bark and may also occasionally produce a waxy or yellowish discharge. Often, lower branches will be the first to show symptoms. Treatment options include pruning affected areas and applying a fungicide. Wilts and Root Diseases These are wood-decay diseases. They may get in through wounds in the lower part of the tree or penetrate roots directly. They involve the roots and in some cases the butt also. These fungi travel from tree to tree either through the air or soil.   Symptoms include die-off of needles on entire branches or limbs, peeling bark, and dropped branches. As rot progresses, the underlying root structure decays, making the tree unstable.  Treatment options are few; in many cases, the entire tree must be removed. If you plan to treat a diseased tree yourself, remember to follow all product directions if using fungicide. Make sure you are properly equipped and wearing goggles, gloves, and other safety gear if you plan to remove part or all of a tree. When in doubt, call a professional tree service. Sources Murray, Madeline. Diseases of Conifers. Utah State University Extension. 3 February 2009.Pataky, Nancy. Common Conifer Diseases of Forests. The University of Illinois Extension. 2009.Wollaeger, Heidi. Preventing, Diagnosing, and Managing Diseases in Conifers. Michigan State University Extension. 5 December 2013.

Job Analysis Plan - 1703 Words

Career Development Plan Part I—Job Analysis and Selection Tina de Leeuw-Runk HRM/531 December 20, 2010 Danielle Lombard Sims Career Development Plan Part I—Job Analysis and Selection Introduction InterClean has just merged with EnviroTech and has taken on a new strategic direction. The company will provide full-service cleaning solutions for organizations in the health care industry and no longer sell only cleaning products. As a midlevel sales manager, I will need to select my sales team by developing a plan that will include the analysis methods used to create a job analysis, and a workforce planning system on sales development for the team. I will exploit internal†¦show more content†¦Three salespeople will report to the sales manager. Action Plan for Selection To have a successful workplace planning system, the action plan will outline the recruitment, selection, training, placement, promotion, development, and compensation of employees (Cascio, 2006). Ten employees are reviewed to join the new merged sales team. The salespeople from InterClean are experienced in selling products whereas the sales people from EnviroTech are experienced in providing full-service cleaning solutions. I will formulate a talent inventory for each employee and determine who already has the skills, abilities, and experience, and who will need additional training and development for the sales team. I am responsible for developing the compensation and benefits plan to reward their successes. I will determine the employees who may qualify for promotions or may want a transfer to another position. Identification of Sales Team Goals InterClean’s sales team must have established goals to accomplish the desired corporate strategies. The goals below will help InterClean grow and achieve the sales quotas and customer satisfaction: 1. Deliver InterClean’s financial goals and revenueShow MoreRelatedJob Analysis and Selection Plan1587 Words   |  7 PagesJob Analysis and Selection Plan According to the text Job Analysis is â€Å"To make intelligent decisions about the people-related needs of a business, two types of information are essential: (1) a description of the work to be done, the skills needed, and the training and experience required for various jobs, and (2) a description of the future direction of a business. (Cascio, 2006, p.157) These two very essential forms of information are called job analysis and workforce planning which help toRead MoreJob Analysis Paper1427 Words   |  6 PagesJob Analysis Paper PSY 435 Job Analysis Paper The reason for job analysis is to study and evaluate the things that a job is supposed to involve. This is describing exactly what skills are needed to perform the job, and what the exact qualifications are to fill the position. 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Black Family free essay sample

Visual media†¦ â€Å"The Coconuts† series on Afrotainment†¦ (South Africa)†¦Giving Blacks a false sense of who they’re meant to be. H. Games†¦video†¦board games†¦Quiet blacks with games, video, board games and try to impose responsibilities and the idea of working hard after given them all the freedom. I. Memory replacement†¦ when whites lift Blacks’ memories and replace them with a white identity. II. A. Black African†¦ A term that was/is seen as offensive, and characterized by grim or grotesque satire B. Dictionary definitions†¦ something bad, dirty, soiled, sinister, evil, etc†¦ C. Evidence of negative identity†¦ if you don’t speak of your race you will be fully accepted in the white world. D. Definition of â€Å"beauty†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ It’s all dependent on what the media/culture portrays as beauty. E. Silence towards Black identity†¦renders rewards†¦ rewarding by white community because you’re being submissive and the silence is shown as a symbol of equality. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page F. Current â€Å"New Face of Africa† series on Afrotainment†¦ Halle Berry, Tyra Banks Mr. Valerie, L. C Bolanga, Tofjne G. Self-mutilation†¦bleaching†¦ tattoos Blacks are the highest consumers who use these products in order to mold themselves into what the media portrays as beautiful. H. Kenneth Clark’s â€Å"doll test†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Black children were shown black and white dolls and asked a series of question pertaining to images. They picked the white dolls to describe pretty, smart, and the one they liked most. I. â€Å"Africans in Denial Syndrome†¦class discussion by Dr. King†¦ Africans denying their origins. J. African Symbols†¦ Kojo- Heavenly and all knowing. K. Corruption in and outside of Africa†¦ Foreign countries passing laws banning cultural habits in societies. L. African adornment†¦Kenyan Parliament†¦ No longer allowed to wear their attire. M. Devaluing â€Å"Culture†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Not recognizing African culture because most blacks don’t even identify themselves as Africans. N. Assimilation versus Absorption†¦Assimilation involves the integration of people’s identity into a different culture whereas absorption refers to taking in the culture and doing as those in the different culture do while retaining your own identity/culture. O. Pan-Africanism†¦ is the highest form of resistance to slavery. P. The â€Å"best† of what it means to be an African†¦is being the descendants of kings and queen. III.

Organizational Behavior Role in the Organization Performance

Introduction Organizational behavior can be viewed as the way in which individuals, groups and the structure affect (and are affected) by the behavior within an organization. The organizational behavior plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of an organization. A clear understanding of the concept of organizational behavior can significantly affect the productivity of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Behavior Role in the Organization Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good understanding of organizational behavior within an organization can significantly help in reducing problems like absenteeism, employee turnover hence improving productivity, and increasing employee job satisfaction. Robbins and Judge (2010) observed that motivation have a great impact in developing employees’ moods and emotions, which may determine their performance in vari ous areas within an organization. Discussion The ability to recognize one’s perspective or mental framework is itself a fundamental leadership dynamic. This understanding is very important in an organization as it helps in improving the overall productivity levels. As an employee, one of the major recounting issues I face in an organization is absenteeism. This problem is very prevalent in our organization, which has a large number of employees. As a result, the company has lost a significant amount of resources through absenteeism. This behavior has been prevalent in our organization, a situation that has resulted in much efficiency in the organization. There are several ways through which this problem can be overcome. One of the most effective ways is by integrating effective organizational behavior aspects in the organization’s operations. This can help in promoting positive behavior among the employees by increasing the overall performance. One of the main aspects of organizational behavior is the organizational culture. Organizational culture significantly determines the way employees conduct themselves in an organization. It is necessary to enhance an organizational culture that will help to maximize the productivity of employees while minimizing the total expenses. Organizational culture bonds employees together as one, a thing that facilitates realization of organizational goals. This close bond also motivates employees to work towards the realization of organization’s objectives and missions. In the process, the level of absenteeism will be minimized. Culture has a powerful influence on members of an organization.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can influence the behavior of individuals in an organizational environment in a number of ways. However, culture is an outcome of continued interactions among the peopl e and is shaped by the people’s behavior. In other words, culture reflects the behavior of a certain group of people. In every organization, change is very important in maintaining a top performing organization. As an employee, it is important to learn how to adapt to organizational change. Organizational change is an important factor in organizational behavior. It is important to facilitate the necessary changes in order to promote employee commitment in the work place. However, organizations may change in a manner that the new changes promote employee misconduct. In every organization, organizational change plays a significant role in determining the organization’s success both in the long term and short term. In the modern business world the level of competitiveness of an organization is determined by its ability to handle necessary changes in its operations. The process of change is not always easy as one would think. It involves adjustments in an organization, whi ch may affect day to day activities. As an employee, one is supposed to shape their behavior in such a way that they are in line with the organizational goals. Culture is of great importance in every organization, culture plays a major role in directing the conduct of employees. Employees will always tend to behave according to the cultural specifications within an organization. For instance, if there is a tendency for employees’ failure to report to the workplace, then this trend will develop and finally will be incorporated into organization’s culture. When the culture develops, even new employees will tend to adopt the culture through interaction with other employees. This implies that this culture may have long term impacts in an organization. Development of the culture of absenteeism will therefore have adverse impacts on an organization. One of the most surprising aspects of the organizational culture is that we can encounter similar organizations under the same environment and in some cases with similar technologies but with different organizational cultures. As already noted, organizational culture assists new employees in an organization to know the correct way in which to conduct their behavior.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Behavior Role in the Organization Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This significantly reduces inefficiencies that are associated with absorption of new employees. Therefore, creating and sustaining a culture in organizations is very important in promoting the success of various organizations. Organizations should pay a critical attention in creating as well as sustaining organizational culture. Motivation Another way through which this problem can be solved is through motivation. The rate of absenteeism can be reduced significantly if the organization can adopt the necessary motivation measures. Motivated em ployees will tend to report to the work place accordingly. There are several ways through which employees can be motivated. The choice of the motivation measures will be determined by the prevailing circumstances. Motivation can be defined as the set of reasons that affects one’s decisions to engage themselves in particular behaviors. When employees are motivated, they will become more committed to their respective duties because they believe that their hard work is recognized. They will be motivated to work harder in order to maximize the returns of an organization. When their efforts are recognized, employees will get a sense of identity with an organization. They will somehow have sense of ownership of an organization. Consequently, they will be committed to meet the organizational goals. In the long run, the organization’s profitability will increase from the increased employee productivity. One of the ways through which employees can be motivated is through compen sation. In every organization, workers play a pivotal role in promoting its well being. The more productive the workers, the better will be the performance of an organization. However, employees need motivation in order to maintain a high level of performance (Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 2008). One way through which this can be done is through compensation. Compensation is the reward to employees for the amount of work they have done in a specific time period. Through compensation, employees feel more attached to their organization and they will not be encouraged to skip their duties without necessary reasons. In the modern world, people’s view on employee compensation has significantly changed. In the olden days, people were more concerned about the wages with less attention given to the working conditions. This is despite of the significant impact the working environment can have on the overall performance of employees. No much attention was paid in an effort to motivate employees.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, employees were viewed like any other instrument in the organization that can easily be replaced. In other words, employees were not valued in those olden days. This may lead to increased tendency of absenteeism in an organization. With time, the situation has completely changed. Employees are more concerned about the working environment that has forced the employers to pay more attention on the measures that leads to employee motivation. These changes were triggered by increased cases of strikes; violence, labor disputes, work slow down and absenteeism. Consequently, this has forced employers and other concerned parties to put more emphasis on the issue of employee motivation. In order to be able to motivate their employees effectively, it is important for an organization to employ the appropriate management practices and behaviors. Management practices and behaviors is one of the most appropriate tools that can be used to increase the employee’s productivity and enh ancing employee morale and commitment, which helps in decreasing the rate of employee absenteeism. Despite of these advantages of employee motivation, the process is faced by a number of problems. These problems have significantly affected the success of employees’ motivation. For instance, in order for any organization to have a successful employee motivation process, it has to assign a substantial amount of money. It will cost an organization, for instance, to buy presents for the employees or to carry out any incentive in order to motivate employees to work harder. In most cases, it becomes very difficult to measure the returns that a certain employee-motivation practice will bring to an organization. For example, how much will an organization gain for every unit of resources allocated to employee motivation? This question brings about controversies in an organization’s efforts to motivate its employees. Employee motivation affects the productivity of employees in f our dimensions. That is, effort, persistence, direction and goals (Scribd, not dated: 4). Effort refers to the strengths of an employee in the work related behaviors. On the other hand, persistence refers to the determination that employee’s displays in applying effort to their work and duties. Direction refers to the quality of the worker’s behavior related into how they conduct themselves in carrying out their duties or tasks. Finally, goals refer to the ends through which the workers direct their efforts (Scribd, not dated: 5). All these aspects will help in shaping the conduct of the employees. Team work Team work is another necessary aspect within an organization. In every organization, the success of various activities is determined by the effectiveness of the teams, leadership and the norms guiding the conduct of employees and various stakeholders involved in various activities. The effectiveness of the teams will significantly determine the performance of an or ganization. The leaders also play a pivotal role in determining the success of certain activities in an organization. The more committed the leaders are, the higher are the chances of achieving the committee goals. As an employee, one is encouraged to conduct themselves appropriately in order to realize organizational goals. Norms are also important in a certain organization. This is because they have a significant impact on the people’s conduct. There are several advantages associated with working with a team in completing the assigned tasks. One advantage of working with teams is that people will be able to exchange ideas on various issues. This will significantly contribute to the success of the project. When people have a chance to exchange ideas, it becomes easy for them to perform their various duties (Miner, 2007). This motivates employees and reduces the chances of absenteeism in an organization. According to Pritchard (1994), people become more productive when workin g for a common goal collectively rather than working individually. Therefore, cooperation will facilitate the realization of the goals of the program efficiently. Meanwhile, employees will be more determined to meet organizational goals. This will discourage absenteeism within an organization since every employee will be determined to work to achieve the best for an organization. As a leader at this point, I have the responsibility of balancing the participation as well as provision of the necessary guidance. This will prevent any chance of decrease in efficiency as members desire to please one another. Some of the team expectations include commitment towards reduction of any differences, communicating constructively and optimist that the program will be successful. By integrating all these aspects within a team, every member will be committed towards meeting the objectives of a team. Since every member has his or her role to play in the team, they will be determined to achieve the best in their positions. Conclusion This discussion has clearly revealed the importance of various perspectives in promoting the productivity of employees by suppressing the cases of absenteeism in the work place. An organization can achieve optimal contributions by its employees by promoting effective organizational behavior. For instance, absenteeism can be discouraged through motivation where employees develop a sense of ownership. Team work is also important in improving the level of employee satisfaction. Through teamwork, an employee will have his or her part to play. Therefore, each will be determined to play their parts effectively and the chances of absenteeism are very low. It also discourages negligence. Reference List Miner, J. B. (2007). Organizational Behavior: From Theory to Practice. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Pritchard, P. (1994). Teamwork for Primary and Shared Care. U.S.A.: Oxford Medical Publication. Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2010). Organizational Behavior. New York : Prentice Hall. Schermerhorn, J., Hunt, J., and Osborn, R. (2008). Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley Sons. Scribd (n.d.). Employee’s Motivation (Using Two Factor Theory of Hertzberg). Retrieved from https://scribd.com/doc/37289913/EMPLOYEES-MOTIVATION-USING-TWO-FACTOR-THEORY This research paper on Organizational Behavior Role in the Organization Performance was written and submitted by user Demetrius Huff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Make a Flammable Gel or Jelly

How to Make a Flammable Gel or Jelly Use three common household ingredients to prepare a gel or jelly that you can set on fire. This is an easy fire chemistry project that you can do at home. Flaming Gel Ingredients Antacid tablets (must contain at least 1000 mg calcium carbonate per tablet)Vinegar (weak acetic acid)Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) - 90% or higher is recommended* 70% isopropyl alcohol will work, but you will need to allow let the mixture from step 3 evaporate until it is a little more concentrated to make up for the extra water in the alcohol. Prepare the Flaming Gel Crush 5 antacid tablets into a powder.Stir 50 ml (~10 tsp) of vinegar into the powder (10 ml per tablet) to make a slurry.Allow the slurry to evaporate until it is less than half its original volume. This could take about a day. If you accidentally evaporate all of the water, you can reconstitute the slurry by stirring in a small amount of water.Fill a container with about 2x the volume of however much antacid slurry you have at this point.While stirring, slowly add slurry to the alcohol to form a thickened gel. Do this slowly: If you add too much slurry, the mixture will liquefy and you wont get a gel. So, once you have a gel, dont add any more of the calcium tablet slurry mixture.Scoop up a ball of the gel and ignite it. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About.com (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Employee's Perception of Managment of Workplace Stress Essay

Employee's Perception of Managment of Workplace Stress - Essay Example There have been recent researches across the globe to address the causes of stress in work places. Notably, the research on employee perceptions of management of stress in workplaces identifies that the source of stressors and individual behavior need to be viewed to diminish this condition (Buys et al, 2010, p. 25). The research on employee perceptions of management of stress in workplaces notes that it is ineffective to return workers to the same surrounding that conduced their stress. It is thus significant to have intercessions at the organizational level since some of the stress contributors can be regulated by the employer; such as unreasonable performance demands, excessive working hours, poor communication, bullying, and job insecurity. These factors are embedded in the organization’s culture which can be changed through helpful leadership and common indulgent organizational goals. Legislative and policy systems devised to assist injured employees also contribute to st ress related disorders in work places and hinder rehabilitation efforts (Buys et al, 2010, p. 26). The research on employee perceptions of management of stress in workplaces employed qualitative data collection method. It employed the use of questionnaires on 600 respondents, who had attended an international conference on disability management in Berlin, Germany (Buys et al, 2010, p. 27). The questionnaire had two sections; section one required a respondent to fill information on the location of their organization, the number of employees, organization type and the respondents role in the organization. Section two engrossed 30 statements and open-minded questions that touched on the approaches that the organization uses to manage stress. The statements called for the respondent to specify the level of agreement on a 6-point Likert scale having ranges from â€Å"strongly agree† to â€Å"strongly

Hunting Methods of Early Man Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hunting Methods of Early Man - Term Paper Example Due to this they invented stone tools which are refereed to as the Oldowan tools which it possible for them to be able to hunt animals and crush their bones and eat the bone marrow and also eat the meat. Because of their features they used to wait for animals under a tree.   Therefore, when the animals come they would split into different positions and disperse and chase them and kill them. They used their stone tool to skin the animals and eat them. Although at some point they were forced to to share the predictors meat when they have not captured any animal.Homo erectus is among the extinct hominin of the early man. It is thought that the homo erectus evolved from the homo habilis. Homo erectus are also referred to as the upright man because they used to walk into legs. Homoerectus also had a height of 6 feet. They're also invented tools which were referred to as the Acheulian and were more advanced than the stone tools of the homo habilis. Their tools were more diverse and elabo rated for instance the hand axe. The Homo erectus were the first people who invented fire. They had a better way of hunting and foraging skills which made them adapt and survive in their environment (Boaz 105). The Homo erectus used to use the fire which they invented to hunt. The Homo erectus had a brain size like for a human baby whereby it was too small for reasoning or even imagining. They used to chase the animals with the fire to their trap whereby their trap was muddy pool. Due to fear the animals would run unkowingly towards.

Factory Farming is cruel to animals Essay Example for Free

Factory Farming is cruel to animals Essay It is so amazing that most Americans are so caring of the animals they keep as pets, and yet are so unconcerned about the upbringing or disposition of the ones they cook for dinner. It is amazing how some Americans see themselves as sympathizing folks and animal lovers until they reflect on what they just ate. Society loves animals as pets, adopts them as extensions of their families, spend ridiculous amounts of money on them, and mourn their deaths. How is it that these same Americans are so indifferent towards the ones they cook for dinner (Arora, 2013)? Factory farms dominate U. S. food production, employing practices that severely abuse animals, puts an enormous strain on our natural resources, and threatens the Nation’s health. Factory farms provide cheap meat that is more affordable to more people, utilizes less real-estate, creates the avenue for more farming jobs to stay in the U.S, and allows cheap fast food to exist. These are really great advantages of the factory farming industry, but come at a tremendous cost. Factory farming puts an enormous strain on our natural resources. According to a report in Farmsanctuary (2013), the factory farming industry puts incredible strain on our natural resources. The extreme amount of waste created by raising so many animals in one place pollutes our land, air, and water (para. 2). Unmanaged and untreated waste that accumulates from combined animal operations is contributing to emissions that are rapidly warming the planet, creating water pollution, and dead zones in our oceans and lakes. The environments in which these animals are confined are severely contaminated and present a significant source for increased infection in their animals, especially poultry, their by-products and eventually humans (O’Brien, 2001). The preservation of our natural resources is important to our survival. If the accumulation of waste and byproducts are allowed to continue due to substandard practices of factory farming industries, our natural resources will continue to diminish. This depletion will inevitably contribute to or provide a catalyst for other problems like issues with our health. When it comes to our health, Americans are very concerned. They may turn a blind eye to the environmental fall-out caused by Factory farming, but they will raise their concerns about the health risks. Diseases like Salmonella, Mad cow, and breathing problems like asthma are increased because of the effects of factory farming on our natural resources. There is also an increase of antibiotic-resistant diseases being identified due to the substandard their practices. In the report from Farmsanctuary (2013), Residents of rural communities surrounding factory farms report high incidents of illness, and their property values are often lowered by their proximity to industrial farms. To counteract the health challenges presented by overcrowded, stressful, unsanitary living conditions, antibiotics are used extensively on factory farms, which can create drug-resistant bacteria and put human health at risk (para. 3). The consistent contact of factory farmed animals with these health hazards, combined with the abuse of antibiotics and growth hormones, as well as other drugs to boost productivity, greatly increases the possibility of infection and disease in its consumers. The byproducts created by theses practices pollute our drinking water and the land that these same farmers plant crops, further exasperating farming conditions by producing unhealthy crops that increase the health risk of consumers. If society only scratches the surface of life down on the factory farm, they will see that diseases like Mad Cow disease may be the tip of the iceberg. In a range of areas, from feeding regimes, to animal housing, to the use of drugs in the pursuit of productivity, human health may be threatened by factory farming (O’brien, 2001). The continued accumulation of waste, combined with the health risks that have become natural by products of Factory farming have become a significant threat to society. If something is not done to alleviate or significantly reduce these effects, the Nation may be on a path of self destruction through overzealous production of food to satisfy consumer consumption, meet consumer demands, and boost financial statuses of farmers in the industry. The main aspect that can be immediately addressed to improve Factory farming living is the living conditions in these factories. The overcrowding of animals at these farms creates a frustrated work environment that fosters accepted abuse, which in-turn amplifies the waste and health conditions. This vicious cycle perpetuates an issue that will inevitably lead to issues of epidemic proportion. A report by Long (2013), stated that, Chickens are crowded so tightly together that they can barely turn around, never seeing daylight or eating a single blade of grass. Beef cattle are finished in huge feedlots, standing all day in their own manure, again with no access to the fresh grass that has been their natural diet for thousands of years. (para. 1). These conditions may not sound so detrimental to some, but combined with the abuse they endure, the conditions are unbelievable and inhumane. Here are some examples given by Editorial Today (2008) on animal cruelty at these farms, Cows are still being forced to be cannibalistic, as they are fed blood, bone meal, and other miscellaneous aspects of other cows (no brain matter, but most everything else)†¦.. [ ] Veal calves are crammed in pens so small that they can’t move their limbs†¦..[ ] Animals are put in semi-darkness which in some cases, cause unbearable conditions (para. 7). And for the cultivation of â€Å"Foie gras† (a delicacy), farmers force-feed ducks and geese an unnatural amount and type of food until their livers become diseased and enlarge up to ten times their normal, healthy size (etoday, 2008). Finally, there are everyday, routine mutilations that are being conducted all in the name of productivity. Mutilations like castration, de-beaking, de-toeing, tail docking, and others. All of which are executed without any form of anesthesia. Why has this transformation happened and is allowed to continue one may ask? Well, the answer is simply to accommodate the mass meat industry and to satisfy the demand of a carnivorous society. It is the twentieth century ideology of modern economics and the assembly line, turning farm animals into number-tagged bodies to be fattened, disinfected, and processed as quickly and cheaply as possible (Arora 2013). Because of this demand, large numbers of animals are being raised in extreme confinement. They are regarded as commodities to be exploited for profit, not humane animals, able to feel pain and suffering, and possessing a soul. Factory farmed animals are bred to grow unnaturally fast and large for the purpose of maximizing meat, egg, and milk production for the food industry. Their bodies cannot support this growth, which results in debilitating and painful conditions and deformities (Farmsanctuary, 2013). Many in society are now getting their voices heard as they ask the question, â€Å"Isn’t there a better way to produce food?† If the practice of mass meat holocaust is allowed to continue at these Factory farms, there are several aspects of society that will continue to degrade. The significant contribution to diseases and natural resource depletion that taints the water, soil, and air of the external environment will perpetuate. These contaminants will continue to finds it’s way into human bodies as chemical pollutants (antibiotics, pharmaceuticals in the meat and our drinking water) and greatly affect other systems with consequences like birth defects and reduced life expectancy. And there is tradition. There natural passing down of tradition from generation to generation will be lost. All the first-hand knowledge and experience in the farming industry will silently be erased due to the limited raising, handling, basic interaction of livestock and farm animals in the modernity of the factory industry. Generations of farmers will grow up without the first-hand experience and knowledge of farming and the art will inevitably be lost. Several proactive groups and other agencies in government continue to advocate the reduction of inhumane and unhealthy practices in the factory farming industry at a vigorous rate. Yet consumers continue to partake, invest, and expand the factory farming industry. How is it possible that even after the education of the public on how animals are treated, most of us them still decide to continue the patronization of factory-farmed meat? An article in editorial today gave one answer when it stated, â€Å"We might conclude that the price we make animals pay, and the price we pay in sacrificing part of our humanity, are worth the benefits (para. 6).† Could this be true? Society is willfully to turn a blind eye to the cruelty because of the lust for meat? This raises another question, when and where does it end? How far is society will to go, and how much are they willing to sacrifice to receive fast, cheap meat? What will it take to rekindle their capacity for love and stop the abused process of obliteration? There are no easy answers to the myriad of questions. Factory farms continue to dominate U.S. food production, employing practices that severely abuse animals, putting a tremendous amount of strain on natural resources, and threatening the health of the nation with disease. However, there is one thought that has become accepted course of action amongst advocates. Consumers must eliminate or reduce the consumption of non-organic and inhumanely-raised beef, pork, chicken, meat, eggs, and dairy products, as well as farmed fish. Force Factory farmers and the meat industry to rethink their methods of production so that they, along with consumers, do not become the associate authors of a diseased, unsympathetic, cruel, and dying society. Mahatma Gandhi said it best, â€Å"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Does this nation consider itself great? References ARORA, N. (2013). On Eating Animals. Humanist, 73(4), 26-31. Editorial Today. (2008). Hobbies and Interests. Factory Farming Pros and Cons. Retrieved from: http://www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/factory-farming-pros-and-cons-awwlc.html Farmsanctuary. (2013). Farming. Retrieved from: http://www.farmsanctuary.org/learn/ factoryfarming/ Long, C. (2000, Nov). Factory farming is fouling our food. Organic Gardening, 47, 12. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/203726517?accountid=32521 OBrien, T., Adock, M., Rifkin, J., Pickard, B. M. (2001, 06). Factory farming and human health. The Ecologist, , 30-34. Retrieved from

Hacking Truths Manual :: Hacking Hackers Computers Software Essays

Hacking Truths Manual Welcome to another Hacking Truths Manual. This time I have a collection of Tips and Tricks which no body normally knows, the secrets which Microsoft is afraid to tell the people, the information which you will seldom find all gathered up and arranged in a single file. To fully reap this Manual you need to have a basic understanding of the Windows Registry, as almost all the Tricks and Tips involve this file. Important Note: **************** Before you read on, you need to keep one thing in mind. Whenever you make changes to the Windows Registry you need to Refresh it before the changes take place. Simply press F5 to refresh the registry and enable the changes. If this does not work Restart your system **************** Exiting Windows the Cool and Quick Way::::::::::::: Normally it takes a hell lot of time just Shutting down Windows, you have to move your mouse to the Start Button, click on it, move it again over Shut Down, click, then move it over the necessary option and click, then move the cursor over the OK button and once again (you guessed it) click.This whole process can be shortened by creating shortcuts on the Desktop which will shut down Windows at the click of a button. Start by creating a new shortcut( right click and select New> Shortcut). Then in the command line box, type (without the quotes.) 'C:windowsrundll.exe user.exe,exitwindowsexec' This Shortcut on clicking will restart Windows immediately without any Warning. To create a Shortcut to Restarting Windows, type the following in the Command Line box: 'c:windowsrundll.exe user.exe,exitwindows' This Shortcut on clicking will shut down Windows immediately without any Warning. ::::::::::::: Ban Shutdowns : A trick to Play on Lamers::::::::::::: ::::::::::::: This is a neat trick you can play on that lamer that has a huge ego, in this section I teach you, how to disable the Shut Down option in the Shut Down Dialog Box. This trick involves editing the registry, so please make backups. Launch regedit.exe and go to : HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesExplorer In the right pane look for the NoClose Key. If it is not already there then create it by right clicking in the right pane and selecting New > String Value.(Name it NoCloseKey ) Now once you see the NoCloseKey in the right pane, right click on it and select Modify. Then Type 1 in the Value Data Box. Doing the above on a Win98 system disables the Shut Down option in the Shut Down

American Education Systems

Imagine a world without words: no reading, no writing, no communication. It is difficult to imagine such a place existing. Surely in this day and age when technology is advancing at a rapid pace and knowledge is the key for success, such a â€Å"communication-less world† has been eliminated. Yet for some people, this imaginary world without words is still a reality. A world of darkness and suffocating ignorance presses in around them leaving few and narrow possibilities for survival in a success-driven society. How do adults and teens end up in circumstances such as these? They simply slipped through the gaps of the American education system, the largest of which is the absence of emphasis on literature. The value of great literature extends far beyond simply reading printed words on a page. Of course the primary focus of reading books, especially at an early age, is to learn how to read. However, as students learn these basic, everyday skills, the possibilities become endless. Great works of literature contain much more than words. Incredible insights into the time period of the author†s life or of the subject on which the author has written are readily available. It is a history lesson without the textbook. History comes alive through reading. Literature also presents the opportunity to learn about new ideas and cultures previously unknown to the reader. Possibly the greatest advantage gained through literature is that students learn to write by constantly reading excellent writings. Overall, a strong emphasis on literature produces a well-rounded individual. The problem with the public education system in this country is that somehow student graduate from high school without ever reading great works of literature. It happens time and time again. Either teachers do not assign students to read excellent literature, or students find one of the many loopholes to escape actually reading anything. The results can be disastrous. It is amazing how many high school students can not write a paper. Some can literally not even write a sentence. There is absolutely no reason why any student in high school should not possess the ability to write a cohesive sentence and even an intelligent paper. Yet it still happens, and it is because students have not read enough and seen enough examples from great authors. The best way to teach students how to write is to show them through literature. It is almost impossible to be a well-read individual and not be able to write well also. Throughout the majority of the twelve years spent in school, my personal education was based primarily on literature. During those seven years, incredible emphasis was placed on reading and also on writing. The schooling received at home was and continues to be invaluable in various ways. Specifically, the study of literature has been invaluable in school and in everyday life. It has been of great assistance in writing all of the many compositions required, and also in recalling specific aspects of history, science, cultures, and more. It is amazing how much easier it is to succeed having this knowledge gained through much reading. The most important change that could ever be made to the public school system is to place a much larger emphasis on literature at all levels of education. All of the difficulties students are experiencing in high school with reading and writing could be avoided if the right steps are taken. Literature must become a main focus. It will greatly aid students in all aspects of school and learning simply to be required to read more. Perhaps they will even begin to love the written word and dive into great literature all on their own.

Annotated Bibliography On The Epidemiology, Aetiology And...

Annotated Bibliography Prepared for Alannah Brown Course Coordinator Paramedic Clinical Foundations Prepared by Jessica Watson University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia September 2014 Word count: 2161 This annotated bibliography discusses the epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of Ross River Virus. The research method that was undertaken was through the University of the Sunshine Coast library, using a range of databases and journals. The years in which the research was selected was from 2001 to 2014. The first journal is a cross-disciplinary review of Ross River Virus transmission, infection and disease. The second journal discusses Ross River Virus in Australia and the third article discusses the impact that climate change has on Ross River Virus and what preventative measures are needed in order to reduce future outbreaks. Harley, D, Sleigh, A and Ritchie, S 2011, ‘Ross river virus transmission, infection, and disease: a cross-disciplinary review’, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 909-932, doi:10.1128/CMR.14.4.909-932.2001 This journal article examines Ross River Virus (RRV) as an intriguing and significant arbovirus that is endemic within Australia. Harley et al. discusses the early outbreaks and discovery of RRV, the immune response to infection, the epidemiology and the impact on public health. In this journal, Harley et al. states that the first detailed outbreak of RRV took place in 1928 in New South