The Stanford Experience Essay Example

The Stanford Experience Essay Criminal justice is a system at which authorities use to   maintain social order, control crimes and punish those who violate laws. The prison guards and the prison itself play an intertwined role in creating punishment to those who have committed a behavior that is not morally accepted. And often, experiences insider a jail will create severe effects to those who have been imprisoned, and may also bring about changes in the behavior of the jail guard himself.The changes in the behavior and compliance of the jail guards and the prisoners and how the feeling of containment in a prison cell has drastically developed is discovered in the Stanford Prison Experiment wherein 18 college boys were taken to play the roles of nine guards and   nine prisoners. The changes happened fast that the experiment had to be cut at the sixth day rather than the original two-week experiment.In doing such a delicate experiment that involves the feelings of the subjects, it must be provided that the peo ple behind the experiment employs the scientific principles on experiment.On empiricism, the experiment has succeeded in terms of making the prisoners and the guards feel that they are indeed prisoners in real life. the situation created for both objects were too realistic that in such a short time, the prisoners and the guards developed the sense of being a real prison and a real guard who ought to do their jobs in maintaining order in the jail. They have also consumed the role play and later on developed the real anguish that real prisoners feel, and the jail guards on their part have felt their power incontrollable that they tend to abuse the authority they hold just like real prison guards do. On objectivity, the first part of selection was purely objective as the subjects were chosen to play the role of either a prisoner or a guard randomly through a toss coin. However, as the experiment progressed, the participants suffered the feeling of subjectivity towards their roles. This subjectivity being an offset of empathy towards the role they play.They have so consumed that they have absorbed the real persona of the role they play. Prisoners felt that they are really prisoners and the guards responded the way that a real jail guard would have responded during the activity. On skepticism, though the researchers were aware of the situation, they themselves were really surprised of the outcome of the project. A proof of this was the original two-week plan being cut short to barely a week because of the heightened emotions that surged through out the experiment. On ethical neutrality, as the subjects were chosen randomly, they were able to let them play the role without biases towards the role. As for the researchers side, during the whole experiment, they were feeling as if they were jail superintendents and officer rather than being a doctor studying the psychological effects of imprisonment.Thus I believe that the experiment has passed the standards for ethica l neutrality. On parsimony, I believe that the experiment has used the most resources they could at the least amount. They have used minimal resources that only served as improvised for the real situation they wanted to role-play but resulted a highly accurate turn outs with minimal complex relations. On determinism, every action done by either side was responded by another act from the other side. Meaning, the subjects developed a system of mechanisms intended to correspond to a situation that aroused within the experiment. On publication, as can be viewed in the website, it served as a reflective account of how the experiment turned out. The proper documentation of the experiment made it possible for people to view and assess the development and success or failure of the experiment. (Fitzgerald, pp 36-42)Given these aspects, I think that the experiment has complied well in the scientific principles of research. They were able to successfully extract real facts and real life anguis h of prisoners and jail guards. They were able to fully portray the situation of real life prison experiences in the least controlled way possible to them that adds to the credibility of the experiment. A proof of this is the way that outsiders (for the purpose of the experiment) reacted upon seeing the situation of the subjects inside the jail. They too, developed the feeling that indeed, their sons have become real prisoners.Moreover, on the basis of research methodology and ethical standards, every experiment must maintain ethical standards. The researcher must avoid giving moral judgments that may result to being bias.On anonymity and confidentiality, the experiment have used numbers instead of names for two purposes: one is to strip the prisoners their identity and start to succumb to the emotions of being a real prisoner, and the other is to keep their identity out from the public, that only the researchers know the real identity of their subjects. On risk and voluntary inform ed consent, the subjects of the trial went through a procedure of â€Å"audition† for the â€Å"role†. The researchers posted an ad to attract possible subjects for the experiment. And when these college people came, they went though a series of testing to ensure that they know what they were doing and they were prepared for the hazards that being a subject of the experiment entailed. On deception in research, I think that the experiment did not employ such, as the subjects of the experiment were given details of what the experiment is trying to prove. Before hand, the subjects were briefed of the set up that they had to go through for the sake of the experiment. On sharing the results and benefits of research, at the end of the experiment when they had to cut the process on the sixth day, the researchers held encounter sessions with the subjects to see how the experiment changed their feelings and how the situation affected them. (Fitzgerald, pp 48-53)Given these fact s, I think that the study has complied with the ethical standards, needed to perform a research that shall protect the subjects. Although the subjects particularly the prisoners suffered high level of anxiety, they were properly guided before the start of the experiment. They were paid for their participation and after the experiment they were given encounter sessions to permit the subjects to voice out their opinions regarding the experiment and to express the suppressed emotions they had during the experiment.Though the sample population used was remarkably small, the experiment was still able to create a picture of what happens in real life prisons. It served as a small-scale description of the real situation in prisons wherein prisoners suffer from extreme anxiety and unrest inside prisons, while jail guards on the other hand develop an extreme sense of authority which they abuse and in turn, alters their personality. The results are reflective of the situation in prisons like A ttica, wherein the demands of the prisoners is just to simply treat them as humans. The experiment has proven how prisons dehumanize prisoners, how institutions like this who are supposed to teach law violators how to have human feelings have devoid them of this basic principle.The experiment is now used as basis for the current situation in Iraq, and how political prisoners are being treated, and also on certain areas wherein prisoners are being humiliated and devoid of their rights.The experiment is based on an observational, cohort study, wherein randomly selected individuals are placed on a situation which is totally new to all of the subjects, and in the process are put under keen observation to assess how the subjects have changed according to the situation that they were put in. The factors being observed are about the changes that the groups may develop in the course of the experiment.As stated in the experiment, the individuals chosen to become as subjects of the experiment were chosen among many other who wanted to take the role after being subjected to several mental questionings. After they were chosen, two groups were made, nine per group to become prisoners and guards. No control variable or interference from the investigators was employed. Only the real experiences inside the set-up jail was being taken accounted for. The experiment however, yielded results that though were expected, it came in such a short time. In two days, barely even half of the experiment, the two groups: guards and prisoners, have developed as sense of reality towards their situation. The guards have acted as real guards, trying to suppress the prisoners and developed a sense of abuse with the authority given to them. On the other hand, the prisoners acted and felt as prisoners, they were stripped off their true identity and absorbed the anxiety and anguish of being left in containment, with pressure and time distorting factors being prevalent in the activity.The success o f the experiment in depicting real life situation in prisons can serve as a basis to assess abuse of power against prisoners and a how a system for reformation can be made to emancipate the conditions of prisoners and reprimand the authorities who abuse their powers inside prison grounds. The effect of the experiment was so abrupt that in a mere six days, ordinary college students were transformed into their not usual characteristics (Zimbardo). With this in mind, we could just imagine how real life prisoners have been suffering from real life guards who have fully absorbed their role as â€Å"agents of criminal justice.†Thus the challenge lies on how to change this system. A change in system that shall eliminate the notion of prisons as hell, and make it a place that is conducive for change and remorse.The experiment has gone through the process and has proven the basis of their thesis, that in real life, prisons do not act as a vehicle for change. This experiment serve as w ake up calls for those in authority to assess their system and formulate policies that shall eliminate abuse of authority and promote the welfare and right of prisoners.

History Of Chile essays

History Of Chile essays The native inhabitants of Chile are a people called the Araucanos. When Chile was first discovered in 1520 by Portuguese explorer Magellen most of Chile was dominated by these people. This Native American tribe was known for their remarkable fighting ability's. Chile was discovered Pedro de Valdivia ,Diego de Almargo and Ferdinand Magellen . Magellen landed on the Chilo Island following his voyage in 1520 through a strait which now bears his name . When Chile was discovered by Magellen it was called Tchili meaning "snow" . Pedro de Valdivia led a second expedition into southern Chile in 1540. Valdivia overcame the fierce resistance of the Araucanos and succeeded in establishing several settlements. These settlements included Santiago in 1541,Santiago is now the capital of Chile, Concepcin in 1550, and Valdivia in 1552. However only 3 years after Vabliva set up his first settlement in Chile the Araucanians organized and in a successful uprising killed Valdivia and many of his followers leaving only Concepcin The monetary unit used in Chile is one that is used in so many different Hispanic countries, this monetary unit is called the Peso. The present governmental status of Chile is a Republican one. The executive branch of the Chilean government holds 3 branches which are chief of state, head of government and a cabinet. The chief of state and head of government role is played by the same person which is elected by popular vote for a six year term. The last election was held on December 12,1999 in which presiding president Ricardo Lagos Escobar won by only three percent of the votes against Joaquin Lavin. The cabinet is appointed by the residing president for the length of his six year term. The legislative branch is made up of a bicameral Congreso Nacional of Senado. This ...

HIPAA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HIPAA - Research Paper Example In such a situation Congress realized the requirement of security and privacy standards for the healthcare industry in order to avoid any misuse or abuse of electronic technology (History of HIPAA, n.d). Hence HIPAA was introduced to promote health insurance coverage for both individuals and groups, ensure better security and privacy, promote the use of medical savings account, make long-term services more accessible, and to frame standards for better administration and safer use of electronic technology in the healthcare industry such as the implementation of the national provider identifier (Overview of HIPAA, 2008). The HIPAA was signed by President Clinton on July 21, 1996 in lieu of several security, privacy and abuse in the healthcare industry. HIPAA guaranteed health insurance to all Americans and ensured simplification of administrative process in healthcare in order to increase the effective delivery of healthcare to all people. Additionally the security and privacy of healt h information was also protected under the act (Security and Privacy, 2001). The use of electronic technology in healthcare had vastly expanded during the 1990s. ... These privacy and security rules apply to three groups of covered entities (CE): health care provider, health plan and healthcare clearinghouse. The healthcare provider group includes health care service providers and suppliers who use the electronic form for transactions and other health care information such as doctors, clinics, psychologists, dentists, chiropractors, nursing homes and pharmacies. The health plan group includes individuals or groups that provide and pay for health care plans such as health insurance companies, HMOs, company health plans, Medicare, Medicaid, military and other health programs offered by the government. The healthcare clearinghouses include both public and private entities that receive non-standard health information and convert them into a standard content or vice versa (Privacy and Security, n.d; Security and Privacy, 2001). The HIPAA standards will also indirectly apply to business associates or partners of a covered entity such as software provid ers and other third party vendors (Privacy and Security, n.d). The standards devised by the HIPAA for the transactions carried out in the electronic form need to the adhered to by the CEs (Security and Privacy, 2001). The HIPAA standards include transactions and code sets, privacy and security and national provider identifier. The entities that comply with the HIPAA standards are required to use the same health care transactions, code sets and identifiers. The HIPAA standards for electronic data interexchange (EDI) is applicable to claims and claim status, encounter information, payments and remittance, inquiries, referral certification and authorization, enrollment or disenrollment in a health care plan, premium payments,